Ivermectin (an Antiparasitic Drug): Prices, Administration, Precautions
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug widely used to treat a variety of parasitic infections. This extensive guide offers in-depth information on Ivermectin, encompassing its applications, dosages, side effects, precautions, and more.
Definition
Ivermectin is a medication classified under the group of drugs known as avermectins. Derived from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, it is employed in the treatment of multiple parasitic infections in humans and animals. Ivermectin functions by disrupting the parasites’ nervous system and muscle activity, ultimately leading to their demise.
Applications
Ivermectin is prescribed for several parasitic infections, including:
- Onchocerciasis (river blindness): A parasitic infection caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus, resulting in severe itching and vision impairment.
- Strongyloidiasis: A parasitic infection triggered by the roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis, causing gastrointestinal symptoms, skin rashes, and respiratory issues.
- Lymphatic filariasis: A parasitic infection caused by filarial worms, potentially leading to elephantiasis, which is characterized by significant swelling and skin thickening.
- Scabies: A skin infestation caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei, leading to severe itching and a rash resembling pimples.
- Head lice: An infestation of the scalp by the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, causing itching and irritation.
Dosage and Administration Ivermectin is available in various forms, such as oral tablets, topical creams, and lotions. The dosage and treatment duration depend on factors like the patient’s age, weight, and the infection type and severity. The following are dosage guidelines for oral Ivermectin:
| Infection | Dosage (based on body weight) |
|---|---|
| Onchocerciasis | 150 mcg/kg as a single dose, repeated every 12 months |
| Strongyloidiasis | 200 mcg/kg as a single dose, may be repeated if necessary |
| Lymphatic filariasis | 200 mcg/kg as a single dose, repeated annually |
| Scabies | 200 mcg/kg as a single dose, may be repeated in 7-14 days if required |
It is crucial to adhere to the healthcare provider’s instructions regarding the dosage and treatment duration. Do not discontinue the medication without consulting your doctor.
Side Effects
While Ivermectin is typically well-tolerated, it can cause side effects like any medication. Common side effects include:
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Itching
- Rash
Rare but more severe side effects may involve:
- Allergic reactions (difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue)
- Seizures
- Serious skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis)
- Liver problems (jaundice, dark urine, persistent nausea or vomiting)
- Blood disorders (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience severe or persistent side effects.
Precautions and Interactions
Inform your healthcare provider if you:
- Have an allergy to Ivermectin or other medications
- Have a history of liver or kidney diseases
- Have experienced seizures or neurological disorders
- Are pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding
- Are taking other medications, including over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and supplements
Ivermectin may interact with certain medications, such as:
- Warfarin: Ivermectin could amplify the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, heightening the risk of bleeding.
- CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin): These medications might increase Ivermectin’s blood levels, potentially raising the risk of side effects.
- CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine): These medications could decrease Ivermectin’s blood levels, possibly diminishing its effectiveness.
Storage
Store Ivermectin at room temperature, away from sources of heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. Ensure the medication remains out of reach of children and pets.
Pricing in the United States Ivermectin prices in the United States may vary based on factors such as dosage form, strength, quantity, and patient location. The following approximate price ranges apply for oral Ivermectin tablets:
- 3 mg tablets: $20-$40 for a package of 20 tablets
- 6 mg tablets: $30-$60 for a package of 20 tablets
- 12 mg tablets: $50-$100 for a package of 20 tablets
Please note that these prices are approximate and might not reflect the actual cost at your local pharmacy. Additionally, insurance coverage, pharmacy discounts, and generic versions could significantly impact the final cost of Ivermectin.